Ceroxyloideae - Ceroxyleae - Ravenea or Ceroxylon
Ceroxyloideae Drude
(except Phytelephas Ruiz & Pav.)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
Ceroxyloideae Drude (except Phytelephas)
informative descriptor
- general stem pattern (ex-von Mohl's classification) : Mauritia-Type
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- cortex : developed ; very thin
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : permanent epidermis ; developed etagen meristem (alignment of more than 10 cells)
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : present ; absent
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : present ; absent
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : absent
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : absent (poorly developed)
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- radiating parenchyma : present ; absent
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : huge cells (∅ > 150 µm) [potential few and irregular lacunae] ; appendicular parenchyma connecting fvb
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : present (Type B)
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 2 (3-4) ; mostly 3-4 ; more than 4
- tabular parenchyma : present ; absent
- end wall slope : extremely oblique ; very oblique ; oblique ; slightly oblique
- specialisation value : 1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits">[2] multiple perforation plates with "narrow" perforations that span >1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars
- multicellular epidermal hair : absent
- epidermal cells : erect (radially elongate) ; cone shaped
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : present
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : largely restricted to the fvb of the subcortical zone in contact with the cortex
- identification within "subfamily" or "tribe" : in all palm family ; subfamily Ceroxyloideae ; without Arecoideae
cortex
- cortex : developed ; very thin
- multicellular epidermal hair : absent
- epidermal cells : erect (radially elongate) ; cone shaped
central cylinder
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : present ; absent
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : absent (poorly developed)
- radiating parenchyma : present ; absent
- tabular parenchyma : present ; absent
- paravascular parenchyma : developed
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : huge cells (∅ > 150 µm) [potential few and irregular lacunae] ; appendicular parenchyma connecting fvb
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : present (Type B)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : permanent epidermis ; developed etagen meristem (alignment of more than 10 cells)
- general stem pattern (ex-von Mohl's classification) : Mauritia-Type
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- vascular zone position : excluded from the fibrous dorsal cap ; excluded from the auricular lobes only in the central zone
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 2 (3-4) ; mostly 3-4 ; more than 4
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate
- Tomlinson's end wall type : ?
- end wall slope : extremely oblique ; very oblique ; oblique ; slightly oblique
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 2,81 – 3,5
- specialisation value : 1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits">[2] multiple perforation plates with "narrow" perforations that span >1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : present
- wide metaxylem element : present
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : present ; absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : largely restricted to the fvb of the subcortical zone in contact with the cortex
fibrous vascular bundle
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : mostly 2 (3-4) ; mostly 3-4 ; more than 4
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : absent
- paravascular parenchyma : developed
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- vascular zone position : excluded from the fibrous dorsal cap ; excluded from the auricular lobes only in the central zone
- tabular parenchyma : present ; absent
- Tomlinson's end wall type : ?
- end wall slope : extremely oblique ; very oblique ; oblique ; slightly oblique
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 2,81 – 3,5
- specialisation value : 1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits">[2] multiple perforation plates with "narrow" perforations that span >1 to ≤ 2 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits">[3] multiple perforation plates with "medium size" perforations that span >2 to ≤ 5 vessel-parenchyma pits ; 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars
- metaphloem sieve plate : compound
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : present
- radiating parenchyma : present ; absent
ground parenchyma
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : huge cells (∅ > 150 µm) [potential few and irregular lacunae] ; appendicular parenchyma connecting fvb
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : present (Type B)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : permanent epidermis ; developed etagen meristem (alignment of more than 10 cells)
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : present ; absent
numerical
present in fossil descriptions but not informative
- paravascular parenchyma : developed
- vascular zone position : excluded from the fibrous dorsal cap ; excluded from the auricular lobes only in the central zone
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 2,81 – 3,5