Calamoideae - Lepidocaryeae - Raphia
Calamoideae Beilschm.
Only the erect genera.
Calamoideae Beilschm. (erect)
Calamoideae Beilschm. (erect)
Calamoideae Beilschm. (erect)
Calamoideae Beilschm. (erect)
Calamoideae Beilschm. (erect)
Calamoideae Beilschm. (erect)
Calamoideae Beilschm. (erect)
Calamoideae Beilschm. (erect)
informative descriptor
- general stem pattern (ex-von Mohl's classification) : Corypha-Type ; Mauritia-Type
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Sagittata ; Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- cortex : very thin
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : developed etagen meristem (alignment of more than 10 cells) ; suberization and sclerosis of the existing ground parenchyma
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : absent
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : absent
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : absent (poorly developed)
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : strongly developed ; absent
- radiating parenchyma : absent
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : trabecular (= stellate) with a regular meshwork (spheroid lacunae > 250 µm)
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : present (Type B)
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : 1 in the the subcortical zone and the zone of transition AND 2 in the central zone
- tabular parenchyma : absent
- end wall slope : oblique ; slightly oblique
- specialisation value : 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars ; [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : simple or transitional
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : largely restricted to the fvb of the subcortical zone in contact with the cortex
- identification within "subfamily" or "tribe" : in all palm family ; subfamily Calamoideae ; without Arecoideae
cortex
central cylinder
- fibrous bundles in central cylinder : absent
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Sagittata ; Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- little fibrous vascular bundles (bridges) : absent (poorly developed)
- radiating parenchyma : absent
- tabular parenchyma : absent
- paravascular parenchyma : developed ; poorly developed or one layer of circumvascular cells
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : trabecular (= stellate) with a regular meshwork (spheroid lacunae > 250 µm)
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : present (Type B)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : developed etagen meristem (alignment of more than 10 cells) ; suberization and sclerosis of the existing ground parenchyma
- general stem pattern (ex-von Mohl's classification) : Corypha-Type ; Mauritia-Type
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- vascular zone position : excluded from the fibrous dorsal cap
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : 1 in the the subcortical zone and the zone of transition AND 2 in the central zone
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : strongly developed ; absent
- phytoliths : globular echinate to granulate
- Tomlinson's end wall type : moderately specialized
- end wall slope : oblique ; slightly oblique
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 3,54 – 4,3 – 4,55
- specialisation value : 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars ; [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- wide metaxylem element : present
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent
- metaphloem sieve plate : simple or transitional
- phytoliths distribution in central cylinder : largely restricted to the fvb of the subcortical zone in contact with the cortex
fibrous vascular bundle
- shape of fibrous part in transverse section : Sagittata ; Reniforma to Cordata - Complanata
- fibrous part adjacent to the xylem : absent
- number of wide metaxylem element per fibrous vascular bundle : 1 in the the subcortical zone and the zone of transition AND 2 in the central zone
- number of phloem strand : one strand throughout the central cylinder
- radial elongation of the fibrous part (in subcortical zone) : strongly developed ; absent
- paravascular parenchyma : developed ; poorly developed or one layer of circumvascular cells
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- vascular zone position : excluded from the fibrous dorsal cap
- tabular parenchyma : absent
- Tomlinson's end wall type : moderately specialized
- end wall slope : oblique ; slightly oblique
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 3,54 – 4,3 – 4,55
- specialisation value : 5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars">[4] multiple perforation plates with "wide" perforations that span >5 vessel-parenchyma pits, or with ≤ 3 bars ; [5] mixture of multiples perforation plates (as in #4) and simple perforation plates ; [6] simple perforation plate only
- metaphloem sieve plate : simple or transitional
- wide metaxylem element : present
- fibrous part centrifugal differentiation : absent
- radiating parenchyma : absent
ground parenchyma
- ground parenchyma of the central cylinder : trabecular (= stellate) with a regular meshwork (spheroid lacunae > 250 µm)
- ground parenchyma sustained growth : present (Type B)
- superficial protective layer (sub-epidermal) : developed etagen meristem (alignment of more than 10 cells) ; suberization and sclerosis of the existing ground parenchyma
- tangential elongation and anticlinal divisions of subcortical parenchyma cells : absent
numerical
present in fossil descriptions but not informative
- paravascular parenchyma : developed ; poorly developed or one layer of circumvascular cells
- vascular zone position : excluded from the fibrous dorsal cap
- auricular sinus : angular ; absent only in the central zone
- median sinus : rounded
- auricular lobe : rounded
- range of slope index (min_m_max) : 3,54 – 4,3 – 4,55